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Batteries—The Impact of Fast Charging 
One of the everyday concerns for any mobile device, be it a watch or an EV is battery life. While battery technology has improved, the demands on battery life are higher than ever: huge displays with higher refresh rates, 5G modems, higher-powered devices, larger silicon, more cameras, and so on.

• On the other hand, ROMs are better at load management, and SoC design has more low-powered CPUs available in newer models.
• There’s also more careful charging, where batteries are loaded to 80% to extend lifetimes over the years, even if it means a few hours less standby time or screen-on time in use.

Fast charging at higher wattages has also been one of the answers, but there’s no increase to how long a phone can go without a charge. But if only need a few minutes of plugged-in time are available, 50% or more, can be added with fast charging, which does create some issues:

• Ultra-fast charging solutions will affect battery health over time.
• The problem is chemistry: Faster charging generates more heat, which can more rapidly degrade elements of the battery chemistry, particularly in the electrodes.
• No matter how many battery breakthroughs there are, most come with trade-offs around long-term battery life, how much charge can be stored, and so on. So many breakthroughs at a lab level don’t make it to production due to expense or yield problems.
• Risk aversion is a very real thing for manufacturers, from smartphones to EVs.
• There's been a breakthrough in battery technology thanks to sugar: Australian scientists have found that by using a glucose-based additive on the positive electrode (cathode) they have managed to stabilize lithium-sulfur battery technology. That could make batteries 2-4x more efficient, but development will take some five years or so (Tech Xplore).